Zo veel moeite kost dat niet
Pandosia (Bruttium)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
Pandosia (
Ancient Greek: Πανδοσία) was an ancient city of
Bruttium, in what is now
Calabria, southern
Italy. According to Livy it was situated near the border between Bruttium and
Lucania (now
Basilicata).
[1] Strabo writes it was located in Bruttium, a "little above" Consentia (modern
Cosenza).
[2] The
Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World places the site of the city in the vicinity of Cosenza,
[3] but the village
Acri and Castrolibero has been suggested as a more precise location.
[4]
Contents
History[edit]
According to Strabo it was believed to have been the capital of the
Oenotrian kings once.
[2] It seems to have certainly received a
Greek colony later, as
Scylax expressly enumerates it among the Greek cities of this part of Italy, and
Scymnus Chius, though perhaps less distinctly, asserts the same thing.
[5] It was probably a colony of
Crotona; though the statement of
Eusebius, who represents it as founded in the same year with
Metapontum, would lead us to regard it as an independent and separate colony.
[6] The date assigned by him of
774 BCE, however, is inadmissible. Whether originally an independent settlement or not, Pandosia must have been a dependency of Crotona during the period of greatness of that city, and hence its name is not mentioned among the cities of
Magna Graecia. Its only historical celebrity arises from its being the place near which
Alexander, king of
Epirus, was slain in the
Battle of Pandosia by the
Lucanians, 331 BCE. That monarch had been warned by an oracle to avoid Pandosia, but he understood this as referring to the
town of that name in
Thesprotia, on the banks of the
Acheron, and was ignorant of the existence of both a town and river of the same names in Italy.
[7] The name of Pandosia is again mentioned by Livy
[8] in the
Second Punic War, among the Bruttian towns retaken by the consul
P. Sempronius, in 204 BCE; and it is there noticed, together with Consentia, as opposed to the
ignobiles aliae civitates. It was therefore at this time still a place of some consequence; and Strabo seems to imply that it still existed in his time
[9], but there are no subsequent traces of it.
There was great difficulty in determining its position. It is described as a strong fortress, situated on a hill, which had three peaks, whence it was called, in the oracle Πανδοσία τρικόλωνος
[10] In addition to the vague statements of Strabo and Livy above cited, it is enumerated by Scymnus Chius between Crotona and
Thurii. But it was clearly an inland town, and stood in the mountains between Consentia and Thurii. The river Acheron was evidently an inconsiderable stream, the name of which is not mentioned on any other occasion, and which, therefore, cannot be identified.
Much confusion has arisen between the Bruttian Pandosia and a
town of the same name in
Lucania; and some writers have even considered this last as the place where Alexander perished.
[11] It is true that
Theopompus[12], in speaking of that event, described Pandosia as a city of the
Lucanians, but this is a very natural error, as it was, in fact, near the boundaries of the two nations
[13], and the passages of Livy
[14] and Strabo can leave no doubt that it was really situated in the land of the Bruttians.